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Palm Sunday is a Christian moveable feast that falls on the Sunday before Easter. The feast commemorates Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem, an event mentioned in each of the four canonical Gospels.〔, , , and .〕 In many Christian denominations, worship services on Palm Sunday include a procession of the faithful carrying palms, representing the palm branches the crowd scattered in front of Jesus as he rode into Jerusalem. The difficulty of procuring palms in unfavorable climates led to their substitution with branches of native trees, including box, yew, willow, and olive. The Sunday was often named after these substitute trees, as in Yew Sunday, or by the general term Branch Sunday. ==Biblical basis and symbolism== (詳細はcanonical Gospels, Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem takes place about a week before his Resurrection.〔''The people's New Testament commentary'' by M. Eugene Boring, Fred B. Craddock 2004 ISBN 0-664-22754-6 pages 256–258〕〔''The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: Matthew–Luke, Volume 1'' by Craig A. Evans 2003 ISBN 0-7814-3868-3 page 381-395〕〔''The Synoptics: Matthew, Mark, Luke'' by Ján Majerník, Joseph Ponessa, Laurie Watson Manhardt 2005 ISBN 1-931018-31-6 pages 133–134〕〔''The Bible knowledge background commentary: John's Gospel, Hebrews–Revelation'' by Craig A. Evans ISBN 0-7814-4228-1 pages 114–118〕〔Matthew 21:1–11, Mark 11:1–11, Luke 19:28–44 John 12:12–19〕 The symbolism is captured in Zechariah 9:9 "The Coming of Zion's King – See, your king comes to you, righteous and victorious, lowly and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey". It suggests that Jesus was declaring he was the King of Israel to the anger of the Sanhedrin. According to the Gospels, Jesus rode a donkey into Jerusalem, and the celebrating people there laid down their cloaks and small branches of trees in front of him, and sang part of Psalm 118: 25–26 – ''... Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord. We bless you from the house of the Lord ...''.〔〔〔〔 The symbolism of the donkey may refer to the Eastern tradition that it is an animal of peace, versus the horse, which is the animal of war.〔 A king would have ridden a horse when he was bent on war and ridden a donkey to symbolize his arrival in peace. Jesus' entry to Jerusalem would have thus symbolized his entry as the Prince of Peace, not as a war-waging king.〔〔 In Luke 19:41 as Jesus approaches Jerusalem, he looks at the city and weeps over it (an event known as ''Flevit super illam'' in Latin), foretelling the suffering that awaits the city in the events of the destruction of the Second Temple. In many lands in the ancient Near East, it was customary to cover in some way the path of someone thought worthy of the highest honour. The Hebrew Bible (2 Kings 9:13) reports that Jehu, son of Jehoshaphat, was treated this way. Both the Synoptic Gospels and the Gospel of John report that people gave Jesus this form of honour. In the synoptics the people are described as laying their garments and cut rushes on the street, whereas John specifies fronds of palm (Greek ''phoinix)''. In Jewish tradition, the palm is one of the Four Species carried for Sukkot, as prescribed for rejoicing at . In the Greco-Roman culture of the Roman Empire, which strongly influenced Christian tradition, the palm branch was a symbol of triumph and victory. It became the most common attribute of the goddess Nike or Victory.〔Reidar Hvalvik, "Christ Proclaiming His Law to the Apostles: The ''Traditio Legis''-Motif in Early Christian Art and Literature," in ''The New Testament and Early Christian Literature in Greco-Roman Context: Studies in Honor of David E. Aune'' (Brill, 2006), p. 432; Guillermo Galán Vioque, ''Martial, Book VII: A Commentary,'' translated by J.J. Zoltowski (Brill 2002), pp. 61, 206, 411; Anna Clark, ''Divine Qualities: Cult and Community in Republican Rome'' (Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 162.〕 For contemporary Roman observers, the procession would have evoked the Roman triumph,〔Warren W. Wiersbe, ''The Wiersbe Bible Commentary'' (David C. Cook, 2007), p. 272.〕 when the ''triumphator'' laid down his arms and wore the toga, the civilian garment of peace that might be ornamented with emblems of the palm.〔Vioque, Martial, Book VII: A Commentary, p. 61.〕 Although the Epistles of Paul refer to Jesus as "triumphing", the entry into Jerusalem may not have been regularly pictured as a triumphal procession in this sense before the 13th century.〔John Pairman Brown, ''Israel and Hellas'' (De Gruyter, 2000), vol. 2, p. 254ff.〕 In ancient Egyptian religion, the palm was carried in funeral processions and represented eternal life. The palm branch later was used as a symbol of Christian martyrs and their spiritual victory or triumph over death.〔Fernando Lanzi and Gioia Lanzi, ''Saints and Their Symbols: Recognizing Saints in Art and in Popular Images'' (Liturgical Press, 2004), p. 25.〕 In , the white-clad multitude stand before the throne and Lamb holding palm branches. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Palm Sunday」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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